Scottish Premier Division

Up to season 1972–73, Scotland's rugby union clubs participated in what was known as the Scottish Unofficial Championship. It provided very unbalanced competition: some clubs played more fixtures than others and some fixture lists provided stiffer opposition than others. The resulting league table at the end of each season gave a very unbalanced and difficult-to-comprehend set of results.

Starting in season 1973–74, the Scottish Rugby Union organised the full member clubs into six leagues. This suited some of the 'open' clubs, but many of the older former pupils' clubs found it difficult to compete successfully, and were forced into going 'open' themselves to try to recruit some of the better players. Those who didn't declined. Open clubs kept their old FP or academic name, and still played on grounds owned by the schools. In the first 14 seasons of league rugby, the Division I championship was won by Hawick on ten occasions.

One consequence was soon apparent: fewer players were selected from English clubs to represent Scotland. For the first time since before the First World War, the domestic game was producing an adequate number of players of genuine international class.^[] Though the SRU's administrators were often seen as backward-looking,^[] Scotland had a national league before England, Wales, or Ireland.

Heriot's FP became the first city club to win the championship. They had already attracted "outsiders"; their leading try-scorer was Bill Gammell, a Fettesian already capped for the Scotland national rugby union team while playing for Edinburgh Wanderers. League rugby drew the crowds, and the 20 years that followed its introduction were the best in the history of Scottish club rugby.^[] During that period the title of champions rarely left the Borders, with Hawick, Melrose and Gala enjoying long periods of ascendancy. Latterly, however, Borders' domination has weakened with teams from across the central belt featuring, particularly from Edinburgh, with Boroughmuir, Watsonians and Currie, along with Heriot's, all champions.

Since the advent of the leagues, the Scottish Rugby Union and its member clubs have reorganised the competition several times, usually to change the number of teams. The top Scottish clubs qualified to the British and Irish Cup from 2009 to 2014. Then from season 2019–20, a semi-professional championship in Scotland, known as the Super 6, was introduced – its teams no longer took part in the Premiership competition; however, this was changed when the Super 6 was discontinued after the 2023/24 season. The Super 6 format was intended to bridge the gap between the amateur grade and the professional United Rugby Championship teams.

A new set of dominant clubs arose after the members of the Super 6 broke off from the premiership. Currie Chieftains, Marr and a rejuvenated Hawick team became regular finishers in the playoff spots on the table from between the 2019/20 season and the present one (2023/24). All three sides won a title each during that time period.

Although the Super 6 was above the Premiership in the national hierarchy and its clubs were selected directly from the existing members, from 2021 until the final season, its format was a 'closed shop' with no movement of teams between the Super 6 and the Premiership.

The 50th anniversary season of the competition was won by the Currie Chieftains, who recorded a 26-24 victory away to Hawick in May 2024, winning their third premiership title as a result.